Judah, and if this is true, then the use of this word may imply that the people of God have become no different from heathen nations. The opening words of verse 2 are very difficult to understand. A literal translation of the traditional Hebrew text is given in the RSV footnote, “before a decree is born; like chaff a day has passed away.” The first part of this, “before a decree is born,” can perhaps be taken to mean “before the events decreed by the Lord take place” (compare HOTTP). This interpretation
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